Fetal growth restriction (FGR), also called intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR, refers to a condition in which a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined potential size. This functional definition seeks to identify a population of fetuses at risk for modifiable but otherwise poor outcomes. This definition intentionally excludes of fetuses that are small for gestational age (SGA) but are not pathologically small. SGA is defined as growth at the 10th or less percentile for weight of all fetuses at that gestational age. There are basically two different types of fetal growth restriction:
Symmetric or primary growth restriction is characterized by all internal organs being reduced in size. Symmetric growth restriction accounts for 20% to 25% of all cases of growth restriction.
Asymmetric or secondary growth restriction is characterized by the head and brain being normal in size, but the abdomen is smaller.
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