The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells, but also of supporting stromal and vascular tissue. Its main function is to induce uterine contractions. The myometrium is located between the endometrium, and the serosa or perimetrium. Myometrium has 3 layers: outer longitudinal smooth muscles, middle crisscrossing muscle fibres, and inner circular fibres, Middle crisscross fibres act as living ligature during involution of the uterus and prevent blood loss. The inner one-third of the myometrium appears to be derived from the Müllerian duct, while the outer, more predominant layer of the myometrium appears to originate from non-Mullerian tissue, and is the major contractile tissue during parturition and abortion. The junctional layer appears to function like a circular muscle layer, capable of peristaltic and anti-peristaltic activity, equivalent to the muscular layer of the intestines.
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