Women with cervical cancer limited to the uterus have early-stage disease. Treatment options for these women include modified radical hysterectomy, fertility-sparing surgery, or primary radiation therapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy. The choice of therapy depends on tumor and patient factors. The approach to women with early-stage cervical cancers is reviewed here. Treatment of more advanced disease and specific issues regarding the management of cervical adenocarcinomas and small cell cancers are reviewed elsewhere. If a Pap test shows abnormal cells, a biopsy is done to look for cancer cells. A biopsy involves removing a small piece of tissue from the cervix. The biopsy is performed during an office visit using a procedure called colposcopy. The colposcope (similar to a large magnifying lens) magnifies the view of the cervix. This allows the clinician to better see the location, extent, and degree of cervical abnormalities that may not be visible with the naked eye alone
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Women's Health and Complications 