Cervical cancer is cancer that starts in the cervix, the narrow opening into the uterus from the vagina. The normal ectocervix (the portion of the uterus extending into the vagina) is a healthy pink color and is covered with flat, thin cells called squamous cells. The endocervix or cervical canal is made up of another kind of cell called columnar cells. The area where these cells meet is called the transformation zone (T-zone) and is the most likely location for abnormal or precancerous cells to develop. Many women with cervical cancer don’t realize they have the disease early on, because it usually doesn’t cause symptoms until the late stages. When symptoms do appear, they’re easily mistaken for common conditions like menstrual periods and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Most cervical cancer cases are caused by the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV). This is the same virus that causes genital warts.

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