Meiosis is the process by which gametes (sex cells) are generated in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are produced in male and female gonads and contain one-half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. New gene combinations are introduced in a population through the genetic recombination that occurs during meiosis. Thus, unlike the two genetically identical cells produced in mitosis, the meiotic cell cycle produces four cells that are genetically different.

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Mitosis, the genetic material (DNA) in a cell is duplicated and divided equally between two cells. The dividing cell goes through an ordered series of events called the cell cycle. The mitotic cell cycle is initiated by the presence of certain growth factors or other signals that indicate that the production of new cells is needed. Somatic cells of the body replicate by mitosis.

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Geriatric gynecology is a growing field as the percentage of women over the age of 65 is projected to increase significantly. Our practice provides this specialized care to our patients for both routine and acute gynecological needs.

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Fecundity is the physiological maximum potential reproductive output of an individual over its lifetime and represents one of the major cornerstones of theoretical and applied population biology. Fertility, a related concept, is defined as the current reproductive performance of an individual. Many strategies have evolved to shape patterns in fecundity so that lifetime reproductive success is maximized under the evolutionary selective pressures experienced by an organism. Fecundity is an important component of both sexual and asexual reproduction.

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Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism are often underdiagnosed and serious, but preventable medical conditions. Deep vein thrombosis is a medical condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein. These clots usually develop in the lower leg, thigh, or pelvis, but they can also occur in the arm. It is important to know about DVT because it can happen to anybody and can cause serious illness, disability, and in some cases, death.

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Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat that increases the risk of stroke and heart disease. Signs include dizziness, weakness, and fatigue. Treatment involves medication and lifestyle changes, and sometimes procedures such as cardioversion, ablation, pacemakers, or surgery. During atrial fibrillation, the heart’s two upper chambers beat chaotically and irregularly — out of coordination with the two lower chambers of the heart. Atrial fibrillation symptoms often include heart palpitations, shortness of breath and weakness.

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Complications of pregnancy are health problems that occur during pregnancy. They can involve the mother’s health, the baby’s health, or both. Some women have health problems that arise during pregnancy, and other women have health problems before they become pregnant that could lead to complications. It is very important for women to receive health care before and during pregnancy to decrease the risk of pregnancy complications.

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Lactation, secretion and yielding of milk by females after giving birth. The milk is produced by the mammary glands, which are contained within the breasts. The breasts, unlike most of the other organs, continue to increase in size after childbirth. Although mammary growth begins during pregnancy under the influence of ovarian and placental hormones, and some milk is formed, copious milk secretion sets in only after delivery. Since lactation ensues after a premature birth, it would appear that milk production is held back during pregnancy.

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Puerperium is defined as the time from the delivery of the placenta through the first few weeks after the delivery. This period is usually considered to be 6 weeks in duration. By 6 weeks after delivery, most of the changes of pregnancy, labor, and delivery have resolved and the body has reverted to the nonpregnant state.

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Amniotic fluid is vital to the well-being of the fetus. It cushions the fetus from injury, helps prevent compression of the umbilical cord, and allows room for it to move and grow. In addition, its bacteriostatic action helps prevent infection of the intra-amniotic environment. The quantity of amniotic fluid at any time in gestation is the product of water exchange between the mother, fetus, and placenta, and is maintained within a relatively narrow range. Disorders of this regulatory process can lead to either polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios, in which too much or too little fluid exists, respectively. These disorders may result from abnormal fetal or maternal conditions and, conversely, may be responsible for alterations of fetal well-being as well. With the advent of real-time ultrasonography, assessment of amniotic fluid has been possible, resulting in earlier recognition of abnormal conditions and possible intervention.

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