Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous condition in which abnormal cells grow on the surface of the cervix. The cervix is the opening between the vagina and the uterus in women. “Intraepithelial” means that the abnormal cells are present on the surface (epithelial tissue) of the cervix. The word “neoplasia” refers to the growth of new cells. Another name for CIN is cervical dysplasia. It is important to remember that most people with CIN do not get cancer. If cancer does form, it takes years to develop, giving doctors time to find and remove problem areas.

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A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the surgical removal of both ovaries and both fallopian tubes to treat ovarian cancer. The goal of the procedure is to remove any cancerous cells and prevent the chance for recurrence. Salpingo-oophorectomy is the surgery to remove the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Removal of one ovary and fallopian tube is called a unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. When both are removed, it’s called a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. This procedure is used to treat a variety of conditions, including ovarian cancer. A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is a treatment option for women who have ovarian cancer, endometriosis, benign tumors or cysts, pelvic infection or ectopic pregnancy.  It also may be used to reduce the risk of developing ovarian or breast cancer in women who are at high risk.

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A unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the surgical removal of one ovary and one fallopian tube, both of which are located on the same side of the body and share a common blood supply (in contrast, a bilateral procedure involves the removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes). A unilateral procedure may be recommended to address ovarian cancer, as well as ovarian cysts, benign tumors and abscesses that do not respond to nonsurgical treatment or the results of an ectopic pregnancy. When possible, a unilateral approach can be used to preserve ovarian function, which can be important for women of childbearing age

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Pregnancy outcome is the final result of a fertilization event. Types of pregnancy outcomes include live birth (full term or preterm birth), stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and induced abortion. Disparities between developed and developing countries are highlighted for maternal mortality, infant mortality, stillbirth and low birth weight. The higher rate of low birth weight in developing countries is primarily due to intrauterine growth restriction rather than preterm birth. Much of the excess intrauterine growth restriction is caused by short maternal stature, low prepregnancy body mass index and low gestational weight gain (due to low energy intake). No important contribution has been established for micronutrient intake, nor have different fetal growth trajectories been demonstrated to reflect the timing of exposure to nutritional or other etiologic factors.

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Fetal fibronectin (fFN) is a fibronectin protein produced by fetal cells. It is found at the interface of the chorion and the decidua (between the fetal sac and the uterine lining). It can be thought of as an adhesive or “biological glue” that binds the fetal sac to the uterine lining. Results of the fetal fibronectin test are either positive or negative: Positive. A positive result means that fetal fibronectin is present in your cervical secretions. If you have a positive result between weeks 22 and 34, you’re at increased risk of premature birth within seven days. A fetal fibronectin test detects fFN in vaginal fluid to help predict the short-. Fetal fibronectin (fFN) is a protein produced at the boundary between the amniotic sac (which surrounds the baby) and the lining of the mother’s uterus (the decidua).

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The ERA (Endometrial Receptivity Analysis) is a genetic test that evaluates the expression of genes to evaluate whether the endometrial lining is properly developed to accept an embryo. … The tissue is obtained from an endometrial tissue sample collected from the uterus through a procedure called an endometrial biopsy. An altered timing of the window of implantation (WOI) has been proposed as one cause of recurrent implantation failure (RIF). The endometrial receptivity array (ERATM) is a tool designed to pinpoint a patient’s individualized WOI by profiling the patterned genetic expression of proteins in the endometrium.

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The Frozen Embryo Transfer procedure is simple. It involves thawing and then transferring the embryo into a woman’s uterus for hopeful pregnancy. Embryos are transferred to the uterus through a catheter. This procedure is much like a pap smear, does not require any anesthesia, and is usually painless. In a conventional IVF treatment cycle, multiple egg follicles (10 to 15) are typically produced through hyperstimulation of a woman’s ovaries resulting in the development of several high-quality embryos in vitro. Today’s standard practice of care is for only one or two fresh quality embryos to be transferred directly to the woman’s uterus for hopeful implantation into her uterine lining. This practice reduces the chances of multiple pregnancies.

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Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman’s breast. Health professionals recommend that breastfeeding begin within the first hour of a baby’s life and continue as often and as much as the baby wants. After giving birth life can seem pretty bewildering – you’re getting to know your newborn while recovering from the delivery. Your emotions might be all over the place (especially between days two and five when many women get the double whammy of their milk ‘coming in’ and the ‘baby blues’. Plus, there’s often expectation – and pressure – to be up and about quickly and generally be a supermum. But one of the most super things you can do this week is just be with your baby and get breastfeeding on track.

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Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery focuses on the surgical and non-surgical treatment of pelvic floor disorders, which include pelvic organ prolapse, incontinence, and pelvic pain. About female reconstructive surgery: Reconstructive surgery is used to restore the organs of the pelvic floor to their normal position. The surgery used for this condition is a robotic assisted sacrocolpopexy . Pelvic floor reconstruction is a group of surgical procedures used to treat pelvic organ prolapse, a condition that occurs when the muscles of the pelvic floor are weakened or damaged, often due to childbirth.

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Birth control is any method used to prevent pregnancy. There are many different methods of birth control including condoms, IUDs, birth control pills, the rhythm method, vasectomy, and tubal ligation. birth control is how you prevent pregnancy. There are lots of different birth control options out there. We’re here to help you figure it all out.

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