Megestrol is a man-made version of the human hormone progesterone. It treats breast cancer and endometrial cancer by affecting female hormones involved in cancer growth. It increases weight gain by increasing appetite.  Megestrol acetate, sold under the brand name Megace among others, is a progestin medication which is used mainly as an appetite stimulant to treat wasting syndromes such as cachexia. It is also used to treat breast cancer and endometrial cancer, and has been used in birth control.

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Medroxyprogesterone is a progestin (a form of progesterone), a female hormone that helps regulate ovulation (the release of an egg from an ovary) and menstrual periods. Medroxyprogesterone is used to treat conditions such as absent or irregular menstrual periods, or abnormal uterine bleeding. Medroxyprogesterone is added to estrogen replacement therapy to reduce the risk of cancer of the uterus.This medication must not be used to test for pregnancy. Withdrawal bleeding usually occurs within 3-7 days after you stop taking the medication.Inform your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens.

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Reduction Mammoplasty is a procedure in which a volumetric reduction of the breast is done. In the process it also improves the shape of the breast and repositions the nipple areola complex. Mammaplasty refers to a group of surgical procedures, the goal of which is to reshape or otherwise modify the appearance of the breast. There are two main types of mammoplasty: Augmentation mammaplasty is commonly performed to increase the size, change the shape, and/or alter the texture of the breasts.

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Macrosomia is a term that describes a baby who is born much larger than average for their gestational age, which is the number of weeks in the uterus. Babies with macrosomia weigh over 8 pounds, 13 ounces. The term “fetal macrosomia” is used to describe a newborn who’s significantly larger than average. A baby diagnosed with fetal macrosomia has a birth weight of more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces (4,000 grams), regardless of his or her gestational age. Macrosomia can cause a difficult delivery, and increase the risks for a cesarean delivery (C-section) and injury to the baby during birth. Babies born with macrosomia are also more likely to have health problems such as obesity and diabetes later in life.

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Gamete and embryo donation is using eggs, sperm, or embryos from someone else in order to help an intended parents have a child. Intended parent is the term used for the persons who will raise the children. Gamete or embryo donation makes it possible to have a child when one or both partners are not able to provide their own sperm, eggs, or embryos. Egg or sperm donation allows one of the intended parents to keep the genetic link to the child. With egg donation, the intended parent is able to experience a biological connection to the child through the pregnancy. With embryo donation, there is no genetic link. However, the intended parents are able to experience pregnancy and birth.

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Sperm donation is the provision by a man of his sperm, principally for it to be used in the artificial insemination of a woman or women who are not his sexual partners for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy. Couples use donor sperm (DI) when the husband/partner has no sperm or a very poor semen analysis (azoospermia, oligospermia, poor motility), or when there is a genetic problem which could be inherited from the male. Single women who want a biological child also use DI, as well as LGBTQ couples also may consider using donor sperm as a means to conceiving.

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Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth. It can occur at any stage of pregnancy, but is more common in the second half. Gestational diabetes means you have high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. Your blood sugar levels were normal before you got pregnant. Gestational diabetes makes you more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, but it won’t definitely happen.

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Fetal distress is commonly confused with the term birth asphyxia. Birth asphyxia occurs when the baby does not have adequate amounts of oxygen before, during, or after labor. This may have multiple causes, some of which include low oxygen levels in the mother’s blood or reduced blood flow due to compression of the umbilical cord. Historically, the term fetal distress has been used to describe when the fetus does not receive adequate amounts of oxygen during pregnancy or labor. It is oftentimes detected through an abnormal fetal heart rate. However, while the term fetal distress is commonly used, it is not well defined.

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Shoulder dystocia occurs when a baby’s head is delivered through the vagina, but his shoulders get stuck inside the mother’s body. This creates risks for both mother and baby. Dystocia means slow or difficult labor or birth. Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is when, even though the uterus is contracting normally, the baby does not exit the pelvis during childbirth due to being physically blocked. Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may result in death.

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Dyspareunia is painful sexual intercourse due to medical or psychological causes. The pain can primarily be on the external surface of the genitalia, or deeper in the pelvis upon deep pressure against the cervix. It can affect a small portion of the vulva or vagina or be felt all over the surface. This can cause dyspareunia. Vaginal yeast infections, urinary tract infections, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can also lead to painful intercourse. Skin disorders or irritation: Dyspareunia may arise from eczema, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus, or other skin problems in the genital area.

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