Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy. Twins can be either monozygotic (‘identical’), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two embryos, or dizygotic (‘fraternal’), meaning that each twin develops from a separate egg and each egg is fertilized by its own sperm cell. Because identical twins develop from a single fertilized egg, they have the same genome. So any differences between twins are due to their environments, not genetics. Recent studies have shown that many environmentally induced differences are reflected in the epigenome.
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